NaOH + HCl \(\rightarrow\)NaCl + H₂O

m_HCl=\(450.\dfrac{7,3}{100}=32,85\left(g\right)\)

n_HCl=\(\dfrac{32,85}{36,5}=0,9\left(mol\right)\)

m_NaOH=\(300.\dfrac{4}{100}=12\left(g\right)\)

n_NaOH=\(\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

Vì 0,3<0,9 nên HCl dư 0,6 mol

Theo PTHH ta có:

n_NaOH=n_NaCl=0,3(mol)

m_NaCl=0,3.58,5=17,55(g)

m_HCl=36,5.0,6=21,9(g)

C % NaCl=\(\dfrac{17,55}{450+300}.100\%=2,34\%\)

C% HCl=\(\dfrac{21,9}{450+300}.100\%=2,92\%\)

a, \(H_2SO_4+BaCl_2\rightarrow BaSO_{4\downarrow}+2HCl\)

b, Ta có: \(m_{H_2SO_4}=114.20\%=22,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{22,8}{96}=0,2375\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{BaCl_2}=400.5,2\%=20,8\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{20,8}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2375}{1}>\dfrac{0,1}{1}\), ta được H₂SO₄ dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{BaSO_4}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\)

c, Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4\left(pư\right)}=n_{BaCl_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=2n_{BaCl_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=0,2375-0,1=0,1375\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 114 + 400 - 23,3 = 490,7 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1375.98}{490,7}.100\%\approx2,75\%\\C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}.100\%\approx1,49\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(b.n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,4.0,5+\dfrac{100.1,33.20\%}{40}=0,865\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\left(sau\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,865}{0,4+0,1}=1,73\left(M\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=0,05.0,12=0,006\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,15.0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,006+0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,105\left(M\right)\\ \left[NO^-_3\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,075\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,006}{0,05+0,15}=0,03\left(M\right)\)

\(d.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,05=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,35.0,2=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2+0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,275\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05+0,35}=0,05\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,175\left(M\right)\\ f.n_{KOH}=\dfrac{20.1,31.32\%}{56}=\dfrac{131}{875}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}+0,08.2}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{542}{175}\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,02+0,08}=0,8\left(M\right)\)

\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{262}{175}\left(M\right)\)

a, \(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)

Ta có: \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{0,2.84}{64,8}.100\%\approx25,93\%\\\%m_{MgSO_4}\approx74,07\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, - Dung dịch C gồm: MgCl₂, MgSO₄ và HCl dư.

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{CO_2}=0,4\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=100.18,25\%=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{36,5}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,5-0,4=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{MgSO_4}=64,8-0,2.84=48\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{120}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)

Có: m _{dd sau pư} = 64,8 + 100 - 0,2.44 = 156 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.95}{156}.100\%\approx12,18\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{0,1.36,5}{156}.100\%\approx2,34\%\\C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{48}{156}.100\%\approx30,77\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

c, PT: \(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)

\(HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)

\(MgSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+Mg\left(OH\right)_{2\downarrow}\)

\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}MgO+H_2O\)

Theo PT: \(n_{MgO}=n_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{MgCl_2}+n_{MgSO_4}=0,6\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{cr}=m_{MgO}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)

Số gam chất tan NaOH có trong 50g ddNaOH 20%:

\(m_{NaOH\left(1\right)}=\dfrac{m_{ddNaOH\left(1\right)}.C\%_{ddNaOH\left(1\right)}}{100\%}=\dfrac{50.20}{100}=10\left(g\right)\)

Số gam chất tan NaOH có trong 150g ddNaOH 10%:

\(m_{NaOH\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{C\%_{ddNaOH\left(2\right)}.m_{ddNaOH\left(2\right)}}{100\%}=\dfrac{10.150}{100}=15\left(g\right)\)

Nồng độ phầm trăm của dd thu được sau khi trộn:

\(C\%_{ddthuđược}=\dfrac{m_{NaOH\left(1\right)}+m_{NaOH\left(2\right)}}{m_{ddNaOH\left(1\right)}+m_{ddNaOH\left(2\right)}}.100\%=\dfrac{10+15}{50+150}.100=12,5\%\)

m_NaOH= 50.20% + 150.10%=20(g)

m_{dung dịch} = 50+150=200(g)

C% = 20/200 .100%=10%

n_BaCl2= 0,1 (mol)

n_H2SO4 = 0,2327 (mol)

BaCl₂ + H₂SO₄ \(\rightarrow\) BaSO₄ \(\downarrow\) + 2HCl

bđ 0,1 0,2327 }

pư 0,1 \(\rightarrow\) 0,1 \(\rightarrow\) 0,1 \(\rightarrow\) 0,2 } (mol)

spư 0 0,1327 0,1 0,2 }

m_BaSO4 = 0,1 . 233 = 23,3 (g)

mdd(sau pư)= 400 + 1,14 . 100 - 23,3 =490,7 (g)

C%_(H2SO4)=\(\frac{0,1327.98}{490,7}\) . 100% = 2,65%

C% (HCl) =\(\frac{0,2.36,5}{490,7}\) . 100% = 1,49%

Tham khảo

https://hoc247.net/cau-hoi-hoa-tan-naoh-ran-vao-nuoc-de-tao-thanh-2-dung-dich-a-va-b--qid95961.html

https://hoc24.vn/cau-hoi/cho-400-g-dung-dich-naoh-30-tac-dung-vua-het-voi-100-g-dung-dich-hcl-tinh-a-nong-do-muoi-thu-duoc-sau-phan-ungb-tinh-nong-do-axit-hcl-bie.7974814552205

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